Bee Varieties Diversity
Regarding 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee range (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) is involved within the Calanques Federal Park via each other online and you’ll pan pitfall collection. They belonged in order to six group and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae are among the very categories-steeped nearest and dearest, followed closely by Apidae and you will Halictidae, having 53, 49, and you will 43 kinds, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually the http://hookupwebsites.org/mature-quality-singles-review brand new richest genus, that have 33 variety, if you find yourself seven genera had been illustrated regarding the one types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step 1 [on the web only] ). By using the jackknife step one and you will dos spiders, the new bee variety fullness is simply estimated to-be between ± nine.89 and you may ± . Brand new seen richness ergo represented 71.3 to help you 79.6% of one’s projected bee fullness ( Table 2). The fresh Chao1 means estimated the latest viewed fullness to obtain 76.8% of the possible restriction richness ( Desk dos). Many abundant varieties is simply Apis mellifera L. (276 some body), with Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 anyone, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 people). Sooner, fifty categories (26%) were represented because of the only one individual (singletons).
Ecosystem Functions regarding Bees
Regarding your environmental properties out of nesting needs, i know 59 single bee species nesting over floor, ninety-five solitary bee variety nesting below ground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic range, similar to 30.7, 47.9, and several.0% of your done bee diversity fullness, respectively. I idea of five private varieties (bumble bees and you will honey bees-2.1%). Ultimately, the fresh nesting tastes off fourteen diversity are still unfamiliar (seven.3%- Supp Desk the initial step [online only] ). Concerning your floral diet plan of bee categories, we discovered that 105 sizes (54.7%) foraged toward many plant species (we.ages., generalist assortment, polylectic) and 51 species (26.5%) foraged on a single plant relatives or even one/couple bush types (i.many years., top-notch species, oligolectic). Toward remaining 36 bee range (18.8%), the new floral eating plan was not understood (elizabeth.grams., that have cleptoparasitic types). perhaps not, extremely generalist types displayed a choice for one or a number out-of bush group ( Supp Desk 1 [on the web merely] ). To the 44 singletons, 14 bee categories (28%) was gurus, and you can 9 bee varieties (18%) was indeed cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk 1 [on the web merely] ).
A passionate IUCN updates can easily be bought to possess 178 assortment (excluding the fresh new kinds houses and you can unknown versions). The most, 47 items try classified because the study lacking (DD-26.4%), 124 kinds was the absolute minimum alarmed (LC-69.6%), half a dozen variety had been close threatened (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you may L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one species is assumed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step 1 [online only] ). About three oligolectic kinds were among seven endangered bee sizes. Good. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus are specialist on Fabaceae, D. argentata is basically an expert towards the Caprifoliaceae.
Off 2009 to 2018, 38 variety of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was in fact stuck into the Calanques National Park. They belonged to 24 genera ( Supp Dining table dos [online simply] ). More abundant genera was indeed Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 individuals), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 people), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de– Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville during the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anyone), whereas 20 versions (53%) was basically portrayed from the just one private ( Supp Table dos [online only] ). The newest bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was indeed represented of your own 20 variety, together with four singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk 3 [on the web merely] ). This new quotation regarding complete range richness out-from hover flies and bee flies was ranging from 83 and 97 kinds with the jackknife step 1 and you will dos spiders, respectively. Therefore, the viewed fullness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of your estimated hover travel and you may bee travel fullness ( Dining table 2).